Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is emerging as a multidisciplinary area with promising
potential for regenerating new tissues and organs. This approach requires the involvement
of three essential components: stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors. To date,
dental pulp stem cells have received special attention because they represent a readily
accessible source of stem cells. Their high plasticity and multipotential capacity
to differentiate into a large array of tissues can be explained by its neural crest
origin, which supports applications beyond the scope of oral tissues. Many isolation,
culture and cryopreservation protocols have been proposed that are known to affect
cell phenotype, proliferation rate and differentiation capacity. The clinical applications
of therapies based on dental pulp stem cells demand the development of new biomaterials
suitable for regenerative purposes that can act as scaffolds to handle, carry and
implant stem cells into patients. Currently, the development of xeno-free culture
media is emerging as a means of standardization to improve safe and reproducibility.
The present review aims to describe the current knowledge of dental pulp stem cells,
considering in depth the key aspects related to the characterization, establishment,
maintenance and cryopreservation of primary cultures and their involvement in the
multilineage differentiation potential. The main clinical applications for these stem
cells and their combination with several biomaterials is also covered.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 12, 2018
Accepted:
December 27,
2017
Received:
October 24,
2017
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 International Society for Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
